Cold weld

ABSTRACT

A cold weld is formed in a multilayer material. A first pin is coupled to a first block. A second pin is coupled to a second block. The multilayer material is disposed between the first pin and the second pin. The first pin opposes the second pin. The multilayer material is held in the XY plane and floats in the Z axis.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to formation of a weld. More specifically, the present invention relates to formation of a cold weld for capacitors.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Numerous devices rely on capacitors to charge an electronic component. Capacitors include a cathode subassembly and an anode subassembly. Stacked or interleaved anode subassemblies are typically constructed by aligning multiple anode foil plates within an alignment area located in a material holding block. The material holding block then secures the multiple anode foil plates within an XYZ plane while the plates undergo compression deformation to form a cold weld. A cold weld electrically and mechanically connects the multiple anode foil plates.

Compressive deformation typically involves two opposing hardened cold weld pins that apply load to a region in the multiple plates. Up to two percent of the cold welds are less than optimal due to uneven deformation. For example, such a cold weld may be unevenly deformed along the Z axis. Uneven deformation may compromise mechanical and electrical strength of the weld. It is therefore desirable to overcome limitations associated with conventional cold welding processes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of an exemplary cold weld system;

FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary cold weld system;

FIG. 2 is a partial top perspective view of a block configured to align multiple layers of a material;

FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of stacked material;

FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary cold weld in a multilayered material;

FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view of another exemplary cold weld in multilayered material;

FIG. 4A-4B are partial top perspective views of a cold weld fixture;

FIGS. 5A-5J are perspective views of a cold weld system that utilizes a reconstructed for automation cold weld fixture depicted in FIGS. 4A-4B;

FIG. 6A-6B are top perspective views of yet another cold weld fixture; and

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a method to form a cold weld.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. For purposes of clarity, similar reference numbers are used in the drawings to identify similar elements. As used herein, the term “module” refers to an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and memory that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, or other suitable components that provide the described functionality.

The present invention is directed to formation of a cold weld in a multilayered material. A cold weld fixture is configured to secure the material in an XY plane but the material is unsecured along a Z axis. A cold weld is then formed in a portion of the material by compression. This process eliminates or significantly reduces less than optimal cold weld characteristics, such as weakened mechanical and electrical characteristics.

FIGS. 1A-1B depict a cold weld system 10 that forms one or more cold welds in a multilayered material. Cold weld system 10 includes a cold weld fixture 11, a control module 13, and a press 15. Cold weld fixture 11 fixes a multilayered material 30 in a XY plane while allowing material 30 to float along a Z axis during a cold weld operation. Cold weld fixture 11 includes a first block 12 a, a second block 12 b, a first pin 18 a (e.g. a cold weld pin), a second pin 18 b, and a multilayered material 30. First block 12 a fixes multilayer material 30 (e.g. multiple anode foil plates etc.) in a XY plane. FIG. 2, for example, shows multilayer material 30 seated in alignment region 17 of first block 12 a. Alignment region 17 is shaped by a plurality of pins 21 to correspond to the shape of multilayer material 30. Skilled artisans appreciate that numerous other means can be used to stack and align multiple anode foil plates. An example of another stacking method may be seen with respect to U.S. Pat. No. 6,009,348 issued Dec. 28,1999, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference, in relevant parts. Once the multiple layers of material 30 are properly aligned, material 30, disposed in first block 12 a, may move along the Z axis. Material 30 generally moves in a manner similar to a diving board for a swimming pool.

Once material 30 is properly seated in alignment region 17 of first block 12 a, control module 13 signals press 15 over a conductive line or wireless means. In response, press 15 pushes slidable post 26 to engage proximal end 24 b of second pin 18 b. Second pin 18 b is comprised of a hardened material (e.g. steel etc.) formed in a cylindrical shape or other suitable shape. A distal end 19 b of second pin 18 b contacts a region of a second surface 32 b of multilayered material 30 at a pressure of about 17 kilopounds per square inch (kpsi) to about 120 kpsi. An exemplary multilayered material 30, depicted in FIG. 3A, comprises more than one layer of metal and/or alloy (e.g. aluminum, etched and formed anode foil, etc.). After compression force is applied to second surface 32 b, first surface 32 a of material 30 contacts distal end 19 a of first pin 18 a. In one embodiment, first surface 32 a is forced onto a distal end 19 a of first pin 18 a by compression force from second pin 18 b. Distal end 19 a is fixed in position by proximal end 24 a of second pin 18 a being securely held in a stationary position by first block 12 a. In another embodiment, first block 12 aincludes a press (not shown) that pushes a slidable post (not shown) to engage first pin 18 a and forces first pin 18 a into first surface 32 a.

Substantially even deformation of multilayered material 30 of cold welds 38 a, 38 b, is depicted in FIGS. 3B-3C. Even deformation is generally created by a process in which a pin presses into a surface of the material until material characteristics makes it easier for the other pin to press into the other surface of material 30. For example, while second pin 18 b presses into second surface 32 b, multilayered material 30 begins to deform layers 36 a-b. At about the same time, first surface 32 a of multilayered material 30 is forced onto first pin 18 a, which causes deformation in layers 36 d-e. Layer 36 c is deformed by pressure applied by first pin 18 a, second pin 18 b, or both first and second pins 18 a, 18 b. Cold welds 38 a, 38 b include layers 36 a-b that are about evenly deformed along the Z axis compared to layers 36 d-e. By fixing multilayer material 30 in the XY plane and allowing it to float in the Z axis, this process produces higher quality welds and consistently eliminates undesirable characteristics associated with some cold welds. Cold welds 38 a, 38 b, for example, are centered and the original columnous structure of layers 36 a-e substantially remains intact. In contrast, a less than optimal cold weld exhibits mixed material layers where the stacking effect of the original columnous structure has not been used beneficially and may not possess optimal characteristics of cold welds 38 a, 38 b. Additionally, the mechanical and electrical strength of cold welds 38 a, 38 b formed by this process resists significant load. Cold welds 38 a, 38 b are also able to pass about 7 ampere of current within about 6 milliseconds or less. Cold welds 38 a, 38 b also are able to withstand at least 0.6 to about 3.0 pounds of force according to a standard pull test without affecting electrical or mechanical properties associated cold welds 38 a, 38 b. One standard pull-separator test is referred to as the normal pull separator test where normal relates to the angle and the plane. This test is also referred to as the pull to failure test.

FIGS. 4A-4B depict another embodiment of an exemplary cold weld fixture 100 for forming a cold weld in material 30. Cold weld fixture 100 includes a cantilever 104, a first clamp 105, and a second clamp 108. First clamp 105 is coupled to a proximal end 107 a and second clamp 108 is coupled to a distal end 107 b of cantilever 104. First clamp 105 fixes cantilever 104 to the ground via a fixed and rigid base (not shown). First clamp 105 includes anvil 111 and securing block 115. Anvil 111 remains stationary during formation of a cold weld. Securing block 115, coupled to anvil 111 via connectors 130 a, 130 b, clamps anvil 111 onto cantilever 104.

Second clamp 108 couples second block 112 to cantilever 104. Second clamp 108 includes first block 110, stack load frame 116, stack load connector 114, preloading hinge assembly 215, and connector 125. First block 110 and second block 112 are aligned through a plurality of alignments posts 114C. Preloading hinge assembly 215 supports first block 110, second block 112, and stack load frame 116. Preloading hinge assembly 215 includes rod 218 and hinge 221. Rod 218, inserted through holes 220 a and 220 b of hinge 221, rests against recessed region 119 disposed in hinge 221. Stack load frame 116 is connected to first block 110 via stack load connector 114. Connector 125 is coupled to stack load frame 116 and to second block 112 to ensure stability of second block 112. In this embodiment, material 30 is securely held in the XY plane by cold weld fixture 100 while material 30 floats in the Z axis.

FIGS. 5A-5J illustrate a method to operate a cold weld system 200 utilizing cold weld fixture 100 depicted in FIGS. 4A-4B. Certain features are not described to avoid obscuring the claimed invention. Cold weld system 200 includes cold weld fixture 100, control module 13, press 15, lift 202, fingers 206, and product clamp 211. Multilayered material 30 is stack loaded via stack load frame 116, as previously described. First block 110 of cold weld fixture 100 is positioned over a lift 202 through, for example, a conveyor belt (not shown). A distal end 117 of cantilever 104 moves from a back to a front position along a Y axis in order to load first block 110, as shown in FIG. 5B. Referring to FIG. 5C, lift 202 is activated. Activating lift 202 causes lift 202 to contact and to move first block 110 to cantilever 104. First and second blocks 110, 112 are also automatically aligned during activation of lift 202. Referring to FIG. 5D, fingers 206 are engaged to recessed region 203 (shown in FIG. 5C) of first block 110. As illustrated in FIG. 5E, product clamp 211 is engaged and contacts second block 210. FIG. 5F depicts retraction of lift 202. Clamps 206 are engaged. These actions cause first block 110 to clamp to cantilever 104. FIG. 5G shows first block 110 positioned to perform a cold weld operation. FIG. 5I illustrates anvil 111 in a raised position. Second pin 18 b contacts an area on top of first surface 36 a of material 30. Actuation of press 15 causes at least one of pins 18 a, 18 b to press into a region of multilayered material 30. Material 30 presses into the other pin 18 a, 18 b thereby forming a cold weld. FIG. 5J depicts press 15 and anvil 111 in retracted positions after formation of at least one cold weld.

FIGS. 6A-6B depict yet another embodiment of cold weld fixture 300 configured to form cold weld 38 while material 30 is fixed in the XY plane but floats along the Z axis. Cold weld fixture 300 includes first and second weld blocks 310, 312, stack load frame 316, preload assembly 318, mounting arm 320, and counter weight 330. Preload assembly 318 includes hinge 321 and rod 342.

Cold weld fixture 300 may be assembled in many ways. Material 30 is stacked into an alignment region (not shown) of first block 310. Counter weight 330, which includes a threaded rod 332, is screwed into first block 310. Stack load cell, configured to determine the preload weight (e.g. product clamp load etc.), is inserted into recessed region 350. The preload weight ranges from about 25 to about 400 pounds. Hinge 321 is coupled to first and second blocks 310, 312, and stack load frame 316. Stack load connector 340 is initially loosely connected to stack load frame 316. Rod 342 is then slid into holes 220 a, 220 b. Mounting arm 320 is coupled to lower block 310 via connector 316. Hinge plate 326 is connected to lower plate 310 via a plurality of connectors 332, 334, 336. Stack load connector 340 is then tightly screwed down to stack load frame 316 until an appropriate preload weight is attained as indicated by stack load cell 348. An appropriate preload weight is determined to minimize or eliminate a volcanic edge that may appear around a less than optimal cold weld. Cold weld fixture 300 is then coupled to an anvil, fixed to the ground, which ensures cold weld fixture 300 is in a stationary position. Additionally, cold weld fixture 300 is also coupled to press 15 and optionally connected to control module 13. While cold weld fixture 300 is considered rigid, counter weight 330 is able to pivot about connector 332. Press 15 applies pressure to second block 312, which in turn forces second pin 18 b into second surface 32 b of material 30. While second pin 18 b presses into second surface 32 b, counter weight 330 pivots about connector 332, thereby causing first pin 18 a, held in a stationary position by first block 310, to press into first surface 32 a of material 30. Skilled artisans understand that the characteristics of multilayer material 30 governs the manner in which counter weight 330 pivots about connector 332.

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a method to form a cold weld in a multilayered material. At block 400, a material is secured in a XY plane. For example, the material may be clamped in a block that holds the material in a XY plane. At block 410, the material is allowed to float in the Z axis. At block 420, a cold weld is formed in the multilayered material. Cold welds 38 a, 38 b are formed from about no dwell time to about several seconds.

Skilled artisans appreciate that there are numerous apparatuses or modification to the apparatuses to implement the claimed process. For example, the cold weld fixtures may be configured to secure the material along a different plane (e.g. YZ plane) and allow the material to float along a different axis during a cold welding process. Moreover, the description of the preload weight relative to cold weld fixture 300 is optionally applied to any other embodiment presented herein. Additionally, while the present invention is described as an automatic process, it may also be implemented manually or semi-automatically. Furthermore, while the invention is described relative to a capacitor, the principles of the invention may be applied to other electrochemical cells. For example, cold welding may be used with batteries.

The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention. 

1. A method comprising: securing a material in a XY plane; allowing movement of the material in a Z axis; and forming a cold weld in a portion of the material.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the material is secured to a cantilever.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: maintaining substantially columnous structure within multiple layers of the material while forming a cold weld.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cold weld possesses electrical strength of about 7 ampere at about 6 milliseconds.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cold weld possesses mechanical strength of about 0.6 pounds to about 3 pounds.
 6. A method comprising: providing a material having a first surface and a second surface with a first layer and a second layer associated therewith; securing the material in a XY plane; allowing the material to float in a Z axis; applying a first pressure at a first point on the first surface by a first pin; applying a second pressure at a second point on the second surface by a second pin; and deforming about evenly a portion of the material between the first and the second point.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the deformed material between the first and the second points possesses mechanical strength of about 0.6 pounds to about 3 pounds.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the deformed material between the first and the second points possesses electrical strength of about 7 ampere at about 6 milliseconds.
 9. The method of claim 6, further comprising: eliminating an undesirable deformation characteristic along a Z axis for a cold weld.
 10. An apparatus comprising: a first block; a first pin coupled to the first block; a second block; a second pin coupled to the second block; a material having a first surface and a second surface, the material comprises a first layer and a second layer, the material disposed between the first pin and the second pin, the material securely held in a XY plane by the first block and floats along a Z axis; and a press coupled to the second pin, the press causes the second pin to press into a first location on the first surface of the material and the second block securely holds the first pin while the first pin presses into a second location on the second surface of the material.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein a cold weld is formed between the first and the second locations in the material, the cold weld includes a columnous structure of first and second layers.
 12. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising: a cantilever that includes a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end coupled to an anvil, the distal end coupled to the first block and the second block.
 13. An apparatus comprising: a cold weld fixture which includes: a cantilever; a first clamp coupled to a proximal end of the cantilever; and a second clamp coupled to a distal end of the cantilever, the second clamp includes a first block and a second block, the first block configured to securely hold a multilayered material in a XY plane while unsecured along the Z axis.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising: an anvil coupled to the first clamp.
 15. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising: a press coupled to the second block.
 16. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising: a control module coupled to the second block.
 17. An apparatus comprising: storage media including instructions stored thereon which when executed cause a computer system to perform a method including: securing a material in a XY plane; floating the material in a Z axis; and forming a cold weld in a portion of the material.
 18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the material is secured to a cantilever.
 19. The apparatus claim 17, wherein the storage media of further includes instructions related to maintaining substantially columnous structure within multiple layers of the material while forming a cold weld.
 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the cold weld possesses electrical strength of about 7 ampere at about 6 milliseconds.
 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the cold weld possesses mechanical strength of about 0.6 pounds to about 3 pounds.
 22. A method comprising: configuring a material holding block to secure a multilayered material along a first axis and a second axis while allowing the multilayered material to float along a third axis; securing the multilayered material in a plane defined by the first axis and the second axis; floating the material along the third axis; and forming a cold weld in a portion of the multilayered material. 